COVID-19 koronavirus infeksiyasi

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Ushbu maqola kasallik haqida. Virus uchun Ogʻir oʻtkir nafas olish sindromi koronavirusi 2 (SARS-CoV-2) maqolasiga qarang. Pandemiya uchun COVID-19 pandemiyasi maqolasiga oʻting.

COVID-19 simptomlari

2019-yil koronavirus infeksiyasi (COVID-19) — SARS-CoV-2, yaʼni ogʻir oʻtkir nafas olish sindromi koronavirusi 2 keltirib chiqaradigan yuqumli kasallik.[1] Kasallik ilk marotaba 2019-yilda Xitoyning Uxan shahrida aniqlandi va global miqyosda tarqalib, 2019–2020-yillardagi koronavirus pandemiyasini keltirib chiqardi.[2][3] Kasallik yuqori harorat, yoʻtal hamda nafas olishni mushkullashishi kabi simptomlarni keltirib chiqaradi. Ayrim holatlar mushaklar ogʻrishi, balgʻam ajralishi hamda tomoq ogʻrishi kuzatiladi.[4][5] Virus yuqtirganlarning aksarida yengil simptomlar yuzaga kelsa-da,[6] ayrim bemorlarda kasallik ogʻir pnevmoniya hamda bir necha organ faoliyatining ishdan chiqishiga olib keladi.[2][7] Diagnoz qoʻyilgan holatlar orasida oʻlimlar koʻrsatkichi oʻrtacha 3,4 foizni tashkil qiladi. 20 yoshga toʻlmaganlar orasida bu koʻrsatkich 0,2 foizni, 80 yoshdan oʻtganlar orasida 15 foizni tashkil qiladi.[8][9][10]

Kelib chiqishi va tashxis[tahrir]

COVID-19 koronavirus infeksiyasi odatda shaxsdan-shaxsga yoʻtal va aksa berish davomida chiqariladigan tomchilar orqali yuqadi.[11][12] Virusni yuqtirgandan keyin kasallik simptomlar yuzaga kela boshlagunicha oʻrtacha 5 kun oʻtadi. Bu davr 2 kundan 14 kungacha davom etishi mumkin.[13][14] Tashxis qoʻyishning standart uslubi burun boʻshligʻi yoki tomoqdan olingan suyuqlikni teskari transkripsiyali polimeraza zanjiri reaksiyasi (inglizcha: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR)) yordamida tekshirishdan iborat. Shuningdek, bemorga simptomlar, risk unsurlari hamda pnevmoniya belgilarini aniqlash uchun kompyuter tomograf yordamida tashxis qoʻyish mumkin.[15][16]

Oldini olish va boshqarish[tahrir]

Infeksiya oldini olish uchun qoʻllarni tez-tez yuvish, boshqalardan uzoqroq masofada boʻlish hamda yuzni qoʻllar bilan ushlamaslik tavsiya qilinadi.[17] Niqoblardan foydalanish esa hamma uchun emas, balki virusni yuqtirganini shubha qilayotganlar hamda ularga qarayotganlargagina tavsiya qilinadi.[18][19] Ayni damda COVID-19 ga qarshi vaksina yoki preparat yoʻq. Kasallikni boshqarish simptomlarni davolash, izolyatsiya hamda eksperimental choralardan iborat.[20]

Epidemiologiyasi va tarixi[tahrir]

Jahon sogʻliqni saqlash tashkiloti 2019–20-yilgi koronavirus epidemiyasini pandemiya[3] hamda xalqaro sogʻliqni saqlash favqulodda holati (inglizcha: Public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC))[21][22] deya belgiladi. Jahon boʻylab virusning mahalliy tarqalishi (yaʼni, virus oʻchogʻiga bormagan shaxslar oʻrtasida tarqalishi) holatlari qayd etildi.[23]

Manbalar[tahrir]

  1. ↑ Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it. Jahon sogʻliqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST).
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 "The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health – The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China". Int J Infect Dis 91: 264–66. February 2020. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009. PMID 31953166. 
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 "WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19" (Press release). 11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. 
  4. ↑ Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Symptoms. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (10 February 2020).
  5. ↑ Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19). Jahon sogʻliqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST).
  6. ↑ Wang, Vivian (5 March 2020). "Most Coronavirus Cases Are Mild. That's Good and Bad News.". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/27/world/asia/coronavirus-treament-recovery.html. 
  7. ↑ Q&A on coronaviruses. Jahon sogʻliqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST).
  8. ↑ Jahon sogʻliqni saqlash tashkiloti. (‎2020)‎. Coronavirus disease 2019 (‎‎COVID-19)‎‎: situation report, 46. 16 March 2020.
  9. ↑ Wuhan Coronavirus Death Rate. www.worldometers.info.
  10. ↑ Report 4: Severity of 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV).
  11. ↑ Q&A on coronaviruses. Jahon sogʻliqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST) (11 February 2020). “The disease can spread from person to person through small droplets from the nose or mouth which are spread when a person with COVID-19 coughs or exhales ... The main way the disease spreads is through respiratory droplets expelled by someone who is coughing.”
  12. ↑ 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (11 February 2020). “The virus is thought to spread mainly from person-to-person ... through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes.”
  13. ↑ Symptoms of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). www.cdc.gov (10 February 2020).
  14. ↑ "The COVID-19 epidemic". Tropical Medicine & International Health n/a (n/a): 278–80. March 2020. doi:10.1111/tmi.13383. PMID 32052514. 
  15. ↑ "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)". Military Medical Research 7 (1): 4. February 2020. doi:10.1186/s40779-020-0233-6. PMID 32029004. PMC 7003341. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=7003341. 
  16. ↑ CT provides best diagnosis for COVID-19. ScienceDaily (26 February 2020).
  17. ↑ Advice for public. Jahon sogʻliqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST).
  18. ↑ CDC (11 February 2020). 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  19. ↑ Advice for public. Jahon sogʻliqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST).
  20. ↑ Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (15 February 2020).
  21. ↑ Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Jahon sogʻliqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST).
  22. ↑ "Hundreds of evacuees to be held on bases in California; Hong Kong and Taiwan restrict travel from mainland China". The Washington Post. 6 February 2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/coronavirus-china-live-updates/2020/02/05/114ced8a-479c-11ea-bc78-8a18f7afcee7_story.html. 
  23. ↑ Coronavirus disease 2019 (‎COVID-19)‎: situation report, 47. March 2020.  
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