Busr ibn Abu Artat
| Busr ibn Abu Artat | |
|---|---|
| Tavalludi | 620-yillar |
| Vafoti | 700-yillar |
| Fuqaroligi |
|
| Xizmatdagi yillari | 634–700s |
| Qoʻmondonlik qilgan |
|
| Jang/urush |
|
| Bolalari |
Abdurahmon |
Busr ibn Abu Artat al-Amiriy[lower-alpha 1] (arabcha: بسر بن أبي أرطأة العامري) (620-yillarda tug'ilgan – tax. 690–700-yillarda vafot etgan) – Suriya hokimi (640—661), birinchi Umaviy xalifasi (661—680) Muoviya I ga xizmat qilgan koʻzga koʻringan arab sarkardasi. Birinchi fitna davrida xalifa Aliga (h. 656–661) qarshi Muoviya tarafida turib jang qilgan. Arabistonda Alining tarafdorlariga qarshi keng koʻlamli yurish olib borgan. Madina, Makka va Toif shaharlarini Muoviya tashkil etgan xalifalikka boʻysundirgan va Yaman aholisiga qarshi keskin jazo choralarini qo'llagan. Uning Arabistondagi harakatlari, jumladan, Alining amakivachchasi, Yaman hokimi Ubaydulloh ibn Abbosning ikki yosh oʻgʻlining qatl etilishi va musulmon Banu Hamdon qabilasiga mansub ayollarning asirga olinishi islomiy manbalarda, xususan, shialik mazhabiga mansub yozuvchilar tomonidan misli koʻrilmagan vahshiylik sifatida qattiq qoralangan.
661-yilda Ali vafot etib, uning oʻgʻli Hasan ibn Ali hokimiyatdan voz kechgach, Busr Basraga hokim etib tayinlangan. U yerda Aliga sodiq boʻlgan qoʻmondonlardan Ziyod ibn Abihiyning oʻgʻillarini garovda ushlab, uni boʻysunishga majbur qilgan. 662–672-yillarda Vizantiya imperiyasiga qarshi bir qancha quruqlik va dengiz bosqinlariga boshchilik qilgan. 680-yilda xalifaning vafotiga qadar Muoviya saroyida qolgan. Busr Xalifa Abdulmalik (h. 685–705) yoki al-Volid I (h. 705–715) hukmronligi davrida vafot etgan.
Kelib chiqishi
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Busr ibn Abu Artat Hijoz mintaqasi (hozirgi Saudiya Arabistoni), Makka shahrining togʻli qismida istiqomat qiluvchi Quraysh qabilasining Zavohir deb nomlanuvchi kichik guruhiga mansub Banu Amir ibn Luayiy qabilasidan boʻlgan[1]. Oʻrta asr tarixchisi Ibn Hazmning (vafoti: 1064) yozishicha, Busrning bobosining ismi Abu Artat Umayr, otasining ismi Artat boʻlgan[1]. Abu Artatning otasining ismi esa Uvaymir ibn Imron edi[1]. Busr hijratdan oldingi soʻnggi oʻn yillikda (Islom paygʻambari Muhammadning 622-yilda Makkadan Madinaga hijrat qilgan)[2] yoki taxminan 625-yilda tugʻilgan[1].
Izohlar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- ↑ Uning ism-sharifi alternativ ravishda „Bisr“ deb transliteratsiya qilingan, otasining ismi esa „Artat“ yoki „Abi Artaʼah“ tarzida yozilgan.
Manbalar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Hasson, Isaac (2019) [2011]. "Busr b. Abī Arṭāt". in Fleet, Kate. Encyclopaedia of Islam. 3. https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/busr-b-abi-artat-COM_24369?s.num=82&s.start=80.
- ↑ Lammens 1960.
Adabiyotlar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- Al-Mubarak, Malik Abdulazeez (October 1997). Warfare in Early Islam (PDF) (Thesis). University of Glasgow.
- Biesterfeldt, Hinrich; Günther, Sebastian. The Works of Ibn Wāḍiḥ al-Yaʿqūbī (Volume 3): An English Translation. Leiden: Brill, 2018. ISBN 978-90-04-35621-4.
- Elad, Amikam (2003). "The Beginnings of Historical Writing by the Arabs: The Earliest Syrian Writers on the Arab Conquests". Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 28: 65–102. https://books.google.com/books?id=-jptAAAAMAAJ.
- [[[:Andoza:Gbook]] The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XVI: The Community Divided: The Caliphate of ʿAlī I, A.D. 656–657/A.H. 35–36], SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies.. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1997. ISBN 978-0-7914-2391-2. [sayt ishlamaydi]
- [[[:Andoza:Gbook]] The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XVII: The First Civil War: From the Battle of Siffīn to the Death of ʿAlī, A.D. 656–661/A.H. 36–40], SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies.. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-7914-2393-6. [sayt ishlamaydi]
- Hitti, Philip Khuri. The Origins of the Islamic State, Being a Translation from the Arabic, Accompanied with Annotations, Geographic and Historic Notes of the Kitâb Fitûh al-Buldân of al-Imâm Abu-l Abbâs Ahmad Ibn-Jâbir al-Balâdhuri, Volume 1. New York and London: Columbia University & Longman, Green & Co., 1916. OCLC 958738109.
- Jankowiak, Marek „The First Arab Siege of Constantinople“, . Travaux et mémoires, Vol. 17: Constructing the Seventh Century. Paris: Association des Amis du Centre d’Histoire et Civilisation de Byzance, 2013 — 237–320-bet. OCLC 243890056.
- Lammens, H. (1960). "Busr". in Gibb, H. A. R.. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume I: A–B (2nd nashri). Leiden: E. J. Brill. 1343–1344 b. OCLC 495469456. https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/search?s.q=Busr&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&search-go=Search.
- Lévi-Provençal, E. (1960). "Abu Ayyub al-Ansari". in Gibb, H. A. R.. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume I: A–B (2nd nashri). Leiden: E. J. Brill. 108–109 b. OCLC 495469456. https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/search?s.q=Abu+Ayyub+al-Ansari&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&search-go=Search.
- Madelung, Wilferd. The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-521-56181-7.
- [[[:Andoza:Gbook]] The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XVIII: Between Civil Wars: The Caliphate of Muʿāwiyah, 661–680 A.D./A.H. 40–60], SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies.. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1987. ISBN 978-0-87395-933-9. [sayt ishlamaydi]
- Murgotten, Francis Clark. The Origins of the Islamic State, Being a Translation from the Arabic, Accompanied with Annotations, Geographic and Historic Notes of the Kitâb Fitûh al-Buldân of al-Imâm Abu-l Abbâs Ahmad Ibn-Jâbir al-Balâdhuri, Part 2. New York and London: Columbia University & Longman, Green & Co., 1924.
- Thiry, Jacques. Le Sahara Libyen dans l'Afrique du Nord Médiévale. Leuven, Belgium: Peeters Publishers, 1995. ISBN 90-6831-739-3.
