Bolgariyalik Samuel

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Bolgariyalik Samuel
Tsar of Bulgaria
Saltanat 997 – 6 October 1014
Oʻtmishdoshi Roman
Davomchisi Gavril Radomir
Turmush oʻrtogʻi Agatha
Farzandlari Gavril Radomir
Miroslava
Dynasty Cometopuli
Otasi Nicholas
Onasi Ripsimia of Armenia
Dini Bulgarian Orthodox

Shomuil [1] (shuningdek, Samuil ; bolgarcha: Самуил , pronounced [sɐmuˈiɫ] ; maked.: Самоил/Самуил , [2][3] pronounced [samɔˈiɫ/sɐmuˈiɫ] ; Eski cherkov slavyan tili: Samoil'; 1014-yil 6-oktabrda vafot etgan) 1014-yil 997-yildan 6-oktabrgacha Birinchi Bolgariya imperiyasining podshosi ( imperatori ) edi [4] 977 yildan 997 yilgacha u Bolgariya Rim I qo'mondonligi ostida general bo'lgan [5] Bolgariya imperatori Pyotr I ning ikkinchi omon qolgan o'g'li va u bilan birga hukmronlik qilgan, chunki Rim unga armiya qo'mondonligini va samarali qirollik boshqaruvini bergan. hokimiyat. [6] Shomuil o'z mamlakatining Vizantiya imperiyasidan mustaqilligini saqlab qolish uchun kurashar ekan, uning hukmronligi Vizantiya va ularning teng darajada shuhratparast hukmdori Vasiliy II ga qarshi doimiy urushlar bilan ajralib turar ekan.

Shomuil bolgar zodagonlaridan biri boʻlgan graf Nikolayning toʻrtinchi [7] va kenja oʻgʻli boʻlib, u Sredets tumani (hozirgi Sofiya ) grafi boʻlishi mumkin edi [8], garchi boshqa manbalarda u Prespa tumanining mintaqaviy grafi boʻlgan deb taxmin qilinadi. Makedoniya mintaqasida. [9] Uning onasi Armanistonlik Ripsime edi. [10] Sulolaning haqiqiy nomi ma'lum emas. Cometopuli - Vizantiya tarixchilari tomonidan qo'llanilgan taxallus bo'lib, "grafning o'g'illari" deb tarjima qilinadi. Cometopuli 966 yildan 971 yilgacha Bolgariya imperiyasida sodir bo'lgan tartibsizlikdan hokimiyatga ko'tarildi.

  1. Spelled thus in Fine, The Early Medieval Balkans; also Ostrogorsky, Treadgold, opp. cit., Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. In French, compare Adontz, Nicholas. "Samuel l'Armenien, Roi des Bulgares", in Études Arméno-Byzantines. Lisbonne: Livraria Bertrand, 1965, pp. 347–407.
  2. Енциклопедија на МАНУ, стр. 1296
  3. Stojkov, Stojko (2014) Крунисувањето на Самуил за цар и митот за царот евнух. Гласник на институтот за национална историја, 58 (1–2). pp. 73–92. ISSN 0583-4961.
  4. A History of the Byzantine state and society, Warren Treadgold, Stanford University Press, 1997, ISBN 0804726302, p. 871.
  5. Anthony Kaldellis, Streams of Gold, Rivers of Blood: The Rise and Fall of Byzantium, 955 A.D. to the First Crusade, Oxford University Press, 2017, ISBN 0190253223, p. 82.
  6. One theory is that from 972/976 to 997 Samuel co-ruled with Roman I of Bulgaria, who was the official tsar until 997, when he died in Byzantine captivity. Roman is mentioned as tsar in several historical sources; for example the Annals by Yahya of Antioch call Roman "Tsar" and Samuel "Roman's loyal military chief". However, other historians dispute this theory, as Roman was castrated and so technically could not have claimed the crown. There was also a governor of Skopje called Roman who surrendered the city to the Byzantines in 1004, receiving the title of patrician from Basil II and becoming a Byzantine strategos in Abydus (Skylitzes-Cedr. II, 455, 13), but this could be a mere coincidence of names.
  7. Stephen Runciman, A History of the First Bulgarian Empire, pp. 217–218.
  8. Prokić, Božidar. Die Zusätze in der Handschrift des Johannes Scylitzes. Codex Vindobonensis hist. graec. LXXIV. (de), München, 1906 — 28 bet. OCLC 11193528. 
  9. Southeastern Europe in the early Middle Ages. Florin Curta. page 241
  10. Adontz, Nicholas (1938). "Samuel l'Armenien, roi des Bulgares" (fr). Mar BCLSMP (39): 37.