Amajur at-Turkiy
Amajur at-Turki (arabcha: أماجور التركي), shuningdek, Majur, Anajur va Majura nomi bilan ham tanilgan[1], Abbosiylar xalifaligining turkiy harbiy zobiti. Al-Muʼtamid xalifaligi davrida 870-yildan to vafotiga qadar (taxminan 878) Damashq hokimi boʻlib xizmat qilgan.
Faoliyati
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Amajur haqida, uning Damashq hokimi sifatidagi faoliyatidan tashqari deyarli hech narsa maʼlum emas[3]. Keyinchalik mashhur boʻlgan Banu Amajur nomli astronomlar oilasi bilan qarindosh boʻlgan boʻlishi mumkin, biroq bu maʼlumot ham aniq emas[4]. Amajur bu lavozimni xalifa al-Muʼtamid taxtga chiqqan vaqtlar atrofida egallagan va yuzlab turk askarlari bilan Suriyaga yuborilgan. Dastlab bu viloyatda oʻz hokimiyatini oʻrnatishda qiyinchiliklarga duch kelgan, chunki u yerda isyonchi Iso ibn ash-Shayx faoliyat yuritayotgan edi. Amajur Damashq yaqinida u bilan jang qilishga majbur boʻlgan. Kuchlar soni jihatidan ancha kam boʻlishiga qaramay, Amajur jangda gʻalaba qozongan, Isoning qoʻshinini tor-mor keltirgan va uning oʻgʻli Mansurni oʻldirgan. Bu jangdan koʻp oʻtmay, Iso Suriyani tark etib, Armanistonga chekingan. Natijada, Amajur Damashq hokimi sifatida mustahkam mavqega ega boʻlgan[5].
Keyingi bir necha yil davomida Amajur viloyatni qatʼiy nazorat ostida boshqargan. Viloyatda tartibni taʼminlagan, yoʻllarni xavfsiz holatga keltirgan va qaroqchilarga qarshi kurashgan[6]. Shu bilan birga, uning hokimligi davrida qattiq soliq siyosati joriy etilgan va katta inflyatsiya davri boshlangan, bu esa aholining umumiy qashshoqlashishiga olib kelgan[7]. Taxminan 876-yilda Amajur Suriyaning Sur shahridagi masjidlardan biriga Qur’on hadya qilgan. Ushbu qoʻlyozmadan bir nechta varaqlar hozirgacha saqlanib qolgan[8].
Manbalar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- ↑ Gil, p. 300; Abu al-Fath, p. 36, al-Kindi, p. 215, al-Mas’udi, p. 67
- ↑ "Islamic Manuscripts;" Ettinghausen, p. 74
- ↑ Cobb, p. 40
- ↑ Pingree, „Banu Amajur“
- ↑ Gil, p. 300; Cobb, p. 39; al-Yaʼqubi, pp. 618, 620, 621; al-Tabari, pp. 116-17; Ibn al-Athir, p. 226; al-Kindi, p. 215
- ↑ Cobb, pp. 15, 41; Ibn 'Asakir, pp. 218-20
- ↑ Abu al-Fath, p. 98. From 872 until 878 Ahmad ibn al-Mudabbir was in charge of financial affairs in Damascus, Jordan and Palestine; Gottschalk, p. 880
- ↑ "Islamic Manuscripts;" Ettinghausen, p. 74
Adabiyotlar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- Abu al-Fath, Ibn Abi al-Hasan al-Samiri al-Danafi. Continuation of the Samaritan chronicle of Abu L-Fath Al-Samiri Al-Danafi. Ed. and trans. Milka Levy-Rubin. Princeton, NJ: Darwin Press, 2002. ISBN 0-87850-136-3
- Cobb, Paul M. White Banners: Contention in 'Abbasid Syria, 750-880. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2001. ISBN 0-7914-4879-7
- Ettinghausen, Richard, Oleg Grabar and Marilyn Jenkins-Madina. Islamic Art and Architecture 650-1250. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-300-08869-8
- Gil, Moshe. A History of Palestine, 634–1099. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-521-59984-9.
- Andoza:Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition
- Ibn 'Asakir, Abu al-Qasim 'Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Hibat Allah. Tarikh Madinat Dimashq, Vol 9. Ed. 'Umar ibn Gharama al-'Amrawi. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1995.
- Ibn al-Athir, 'Izz al-Din. Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, Vol. 6. Beirut: Dar al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1987.
- „Islamic Manuscripts: al-Qur’an.“ Cambridge Digital Library. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
- Al-Kindi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf. The Governors and Judges of Egypt. Ed. Rhuvon Guest. Leydon and London: E. J. Brill, 1912.
- Lewis, Bernard. „Egypt and Syria.“ The Cambridge History of Islam, Volume 1A. Ed. P. M. Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton and Bernard Lewis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1970. ISBN 0-521-21946-9
- Al-Mas'udi, Ali ibn al-Husain. Les Prairies D’Or. Ed. and Trans. Charles Barbier de Meynard and Abel Pavet de Courteille. 9 vols. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1861–1917.
- Pingree, D. (1996–2021). "Banu Amajur". in Yarshater, Ehsan. Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/banu-amajur-or-majur-abul-qasem-abd-allah-ali-according-to-ebn-yunes-b.
- The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXVI: The Revolt of the Zanj, A.D. 869–879/A.H. 255–265, SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies.. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1992. ISBN 978-0-7914-0763-9.
- Al-Ya'qubi, Ahmad ibn Abu Yaʼqub. Historiae, Vol. 2. Ed. M. Th. Houtsma. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1883.